Ingredient framework; direct source links are available in the studies library when published.
How it works
Transform -- cobalt sits at the center of the corrin ring in vitamin B12 (cobalamin), the structural core that makes methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin catalytically active
Transform -- as adenosylcobalamin, cobalt-centered B12 is the required cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, an enzyme in mitochondrial fatty-acid and amino-acid energy metabolism
Build -- as methylcobalamin, cobalt-centered B12 is the required cofactor for methionine synthase, which drives the methylation cycle needed for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production
Maintain -- adequate B12 status, and therefore cobalt, is required to maintain the myelin sheath around nerves
Process -- B12 deficiency, which is functionally a cobalt-dependent-cofactor deficiency, produces well-documented cognitive slowing and peripheral neuropathy that improves with repletion
Form matters
The same nutrient can be made in very different forms -- and a study done on one form does not automatically apply to another. Methylcobalamin is not cyanocobalamin; magnesium glycinate is not magnesium oxide; a whole-food extract is not the synthetic isolate that was studied. Two things decide whether what is in the bottle behaves like the research: the exact form, and independent lab verification (a Certificate of Analysis) that the form and dose on the label are truly what is inside. Without a COA, you are trusting a label, not the science.
The science on Cobalt (as vitamin B12 core)
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