Ingredient framework; direct source links are available in the studies library when published.
How it works
Exchange -- digested into individual amino acids and small peptides that cross the gut lining via dedicated amino acid transporters
Transform -- surplus amino acids can be deaminated and shunted into gluconeogenesis or the citric acid cycle for energy
Build -- supplies the full set of amino acid building blocks for muscle, enzyme, hormone, and structural protein synthesis -- the primary structure/function role of dietary protein
Maintain -- provides substrate for antibody, immune-cell, and gut-lining protein turnover, and for synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione
Process -- stable protein intake supports steady blood glucose and amino acid availability, which is a downstream input to cognitive energy substrate supply
Become -- adequate protein intake is a structural requirement for the muscle-protein synthesis that underlies training adaptation and physical resilience
Form matters
The same nutrient can be made in very different forms -- and a study done on one form does not automatically apply to another. Methylcobalamin is not cyanocobalamin; magnesium glycinate is not magnesium oxide; a whole-food extract is not the synthetic isolate that was studied. Two things decide whether what is in the bottle behaves like the research: the exact form, and independent lab verification (a Certificate of Analysis) that the form and dose on the label are truly what is inside. Without a COA, you are trusting a label, not the science.
The science on Dietary Protein
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Related reading
Articles that go deeper on Dietary Protein.