Ingredient framework; direct source links are available in the studies library when published.
How it works
Build -- proanthocyanidins support collagen cross-linking and vascular connective-tissue structure
Maintain -- potent polyphenol free-radical scavenger, protecting lipids and vascular endothelium from oxidative damage
Process -- 250mg grape extract dose-matches Amone 2024, which showed improved memory performance in older adults
Become -- proanthocyanidins are studied mechanistically for supporting synaptic signaling and neuroplasticity, though this is preclinical
Form matters
The same nutrient can be made in very different forms -- and a study done on one form does not automatically apply to another. Methylcobalamin is not cyanocobalamin; magnesium glycinate is not magnesium oxide; a whole-food extract is not the synthetic isolate that was studied. Two things decide whether what is in the bottle behaves like the research: the exact form, and independent lab verification (a Certificate of Analysis) that the form and dose on the label are truly what is inside. Without a COA, you are trusting a label, not the science.