Ingredient framework; direct source links are available in the studies library when published.
How it works
Transform -- forms NAD+ and NADP+, coenzymes required for hundreds of redox reactions across energy metabolism
Maintain -- NAD+ is the required substrate for PARP DNA-repair enzymes
Adapt -- NAD+ is the required substrate for sirtuin deacetylases, which remove acetyl groups from histones and transcription factors to regulate gene expression
Process -- brain tissue is highly NAD+-dependent for its energy metabolism, and NAD+ decline with age is an active research area in cognitive-support science, though translating that cellular finding into a proven human cognitive benefit from supplemental niacin/niacinamide in a non-deficient adult remains an open question
Exchange -- the body can also synthesize a limited amount of niacin endogenously from the amino acid tryptophan (roughly 60mg tryptophan making 1mg niacin), which is why niacin is technically classified as a 'conditionally essential' nutrient rather than a strict vitamin
Form matters
The same nutrient can be made in very different forms -- and a study done on one form does not automatically apply to another. Methylcobalamin is not cyanocobalamin; magnesium glycinate is not magnesium oxide; a whole-food extract is not the synthetic isolate that was studied. Two things decide whether what is in the bottle behaves like the research: the exact form, and independent lab verification (a Certificate of Analysis) that the form and dose on the label are truly what is inside. Without a COA, you are trusting a label, not the science.
The science on Vitamin B3
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