Flora-Form

In a 4-week trial of healthy adults, adding a bacteriophage supplement to the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis was linked to more improvement in gut inflammation scores and larger increases in beneficial bacteria than the probiotic alone.

Grubb DS; Wrigley SD; Freedman KE; Wei Y; Vazquez AR; Trotter RE — Nutrients

In a crossover trial of healthy adults, 28 days of an E. coli-targeting bacteriophage supplement lowered fecal E. coli counts and shifted some gut bacteria without disrupting overall microbiota diversity or most inflammation markers.

Febvre HP; Rao S; Gindin M; Goodwin NDM; Finer E; Vivanco JS — Nutrients

A review of Bacillus species as probiotics summarizes their tolerance to gut conditions and proposed health benefits, while noting ongoing debate over safety and the need for strain by strain evaluation.

Elshaghabee FMF; Rokana N; Gulhane RD; Sharma C; Panwar H — Frontiers in microbiology

A symposium summary describes how alcohol exposure in animal studies increased gut bacteria and gut permeability to endotoxin, and notes that nutrients such as glutamine, zinc and oat supplementation were proposed to help preserve that gut barrier.

Purohit V; Bode JC; Bode C; Brenner DA; Choudhry MA; Hamilton F — Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)

In perfused mouse liver, bacterial endotoxin increased glucose output and blocked one liver detox pathway called glucuronidation without affecting a second pathway called sulfation, an effect that required cell to cell signaling and did not occur in isolated liver cells.

Bánhegyi G; Mucha I; Garzó T; Antoni F; Mandl J — Biochemical pharmacology

Pooled data from 26 randomized trials found probiotic supplementation was associated with improved markers of intestinal barrier integrity, including transepithelial resistance and serum zonulin.

Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Tang P, Wu Y, Zhang A, Li D, Wang CZ, Wan JY, Yao H, Yuan CS — Frontiers in Immunology

ISAPP consensus statement defining postbiotics as "a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host." PMID 33948025.

Salminen S et al. — Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

ISAPP consensus statement defining prebiotics as "a substrate selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit." PMID 28611480.

Gibson GR et al. — Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

PMC3832685.

Study authors — BMC Medical Research Methodology

Fiber formulas improved stool consistency relative to placebo -- No time-by-group effect for bowel-movement frequency strain or Bristol score overall

Not captured in abstract review — Gut Microbes

A specific Lactobacillus strain reduced the incidence of diarrhea associated with antibiotic use in this randomized trial.

Study authors — PubMed Central (PMC)

Probiotic fruit beverages containing bilberry and rose hip lowered the early-phase insulin response, likely due to their higher phenolic content.

Xu J; Jönsson T; Plaza M; Håkansson Å; Antonsson M; Ahrén IL; Turner C; Spégel P — Nutrition journal

A 3-month trial found that a Streptococcus salivarius M18 probiotic reduced gingival bleeding and plaque buildup in people with gingivitis compared with placebo.

Babina K, Salikhova D, Makeeva I, Zaytsev A, Sokhova I, Musaeva S, Polyakova M, Novozhilova N — Nutrients

Stool cultures showed increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and reduced Clostridium perfringens after active use -- No symptom disease or durable post-treatment benefit established; counts returned toward baseline after treatment

Shieh MJ et al. — e-SPEN the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism

Fermented milk with the probiotic strain B. longum BB536 shifted gut bacteria composition, raising beneficial Faecalibacterium levels within days.

Study authors — PubMed Central (PMC)

A clinical trial on Nattokinase found that the enhancement observed in the absence of PAI-1 seems to be induced through direct fibrin dissolution by subtilisin NAT.

Urano T; Ihara H; Umemura K; Suzuki Y; Oike M; Akita S; Tsukamoto Y; Suzuki I; Takada A — The Journal of biological chemistry

XOS prebiotic supplementation improved constipation scores and enriched beneficial gut bacteria over one month, without reported diarrhea or flatulence.

Yi W et al. — Food Sci Nutr

A resistant starch supplement increased beneficial Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia levels compared with placebo in this randomized trial.

Study authors — PubMed Central (PMC)

DOI 10.3390/nu14163409.

Study authors — Nutrients

A prebiotic fiber blend increased beneficial Bifidobacterium levels and shifted gut metabolite patterns in healthy adults.

Study authors — Frontiers in Nutrition

Both viable and heat-killed forms significantly raised salivary IgA over 4 weeks. PMC8363536.

Study authors — Current Microbiology

In sailors with limited access to routine oral hygiene at sea, a twice-daily Lactobacillus reuteri lozenge helped maintain periodontal health over 42 days.

Schlagenhauf U, Rehder J, Gelbrich G, Jockel-Schneider Y — J Periodontol

PMID 30557228.

Study authors — systematized review

Fructo-oligosaccharide prebiotic fiber increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut in a dose-dependent manner.

Tandon D, Haque MM, Gote M, Jain M, Bhaduri A, Dubey AK, Mande SS — Scientific Reports