Lithium Orotate

GSK-3 inhibition and beta-catenin stabilization run the same Wnt pathway in osteoblasts and in neurons, so one signaling mechanism reaches both bone-forming cells and brain tissue. This is the shared-substrate argument for why a single ion shows up in two organ systems that are usually studied separately.

Lee JW, Hasegawa T, Ikedo A et al. -- Current Osteoporosis Reports

Clarifies the need to demonstrate a stable orotate complex in physiological fluids before claiming salt-specific delivery -- Argues gastric chemistry predicts dissociation; no stable LiO complex has been demonstrated in physiological fluids; oral studies can show comparable PK

Hajek T et al. -- British Journal of Psychiatry

Lithium orotate was linked to emotional processing and mood regulation through neural signaling modulation relevant to emotional regulation and stability.

Nabulsi L, Kang M, Jahanshad N et al -- Biological psychiatry

Male mice given 10 mg/kg/day lithium chloride in drinking water for six weeks had higher cardiac SERCA2 content but lower baseline SERCA activity, with less activity loss under heat stress than controls.

Hamstra SI; Geromella MS; Klentrou P; Tiidus PM; MacPherson REK; Fajardo VA -- Bioscience reports

Chronic low-dose lithium exposure was associated with delayed cognitive decline and reduced Alzheimer's disease incidence, but randomized trial evidence remains inconclusive.

Katarzyna Anna Kowalska; Jakub Tomasz Latos; Franciszek Szweda; Tomasz Poczwardowski; Adrianna Kaczmarek; Marcin Chwalczuk; Olivia Grygorcewicz; Marta Koneczna; Karolina Alicja Krystyniak; Kinga Augustyniak; Klaudia Leszto; Natalia Smuniewska -- RS Global Journals

Low-dose lithium supplementation enhanced muscle force and fatigue resistance, restored bone mineral density, and improved insulin tolerance in ovariectomized mice.

Marcella, Bianca M; Braun, Jessica L; Marais, Amélie A T; Hockey, Briana L; Geromella, Mia S; Baranowski, Ryan W; Vandenboom, Rene; MacPherson, Rebecca E K; Fajardo, Val A -- PubMed Central (PMC)

In a pilot trial of 80 older adults with mild cognitive impairment, two years of low-dose lithium met none of six coprimary outcomes, though CVLT-II recall declined more slowly (0.73 versus 1.42 points yearly).

Weinstein, Andrea M.; Lopresti, Brian J.; Alkhateeb, Salem K.; Santini, Tales; Diaz, Jihui L.; Zeng, Xuemei; Ibrahim, Tamer S.; Gildengers, Ariel G.; Emanuel, James E.; Butters, Meryl A.; Lopez, Oscar L.; Anderson, Stewart J.

Three of four randomized trials reported slower cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease with low-dose lithium for ≥12 months.

Deng, Rosalyn; Shargorodsky, Alisa; Teopiz, Kayla; Dri, Christine E; Wong, Sabrina; Le, Gia Han; Zheng, Yang Jing; McIntyre, Roger S -- PubMed Central (PMC)

Combined voluntary wheel running and low-dose lithium supplementation improved novel object recognition in male dystrophic mdx mice.

Copeland, Emily N; Mohammad, Ahmad; Baranowski, Bradley J; Marcella, Bianca M; Beaudette, Shawn M; MacPherson, Rebecca E K; Fajardo, Val A -- PubMed Central (PMC)

This systematic review of observational studies in older adults with bipolar disorder found serum lithium levels of 0.82-1.00 mmol/L linked to more side effects, supporting age-specific therapeutic ranges.

Paula V Nunes; Andrew T Olagunju; Debbie Zittema; Astha Dhyani; Lei Fu; Peijun Chen; Laura Montejo; Gabriel R Fries; Lars V Kessing; Eduard Vieta; Orestes V Forlenza; Annemieke Dols; Hilary P Blumberg; Lisa T Eyler; Kenneth I Shulman

A narrative review found that lithium's narrow safety margin raises toxicity risk when combined with heart failure drugs like ACE inhibitors, diuretics or SGLT2 inhibitors, and that antipsychotics vary widely in causing orthostatic hypotension.

Błażej Pilarski; Szymon Florek; Alexander Suchodolski; Mariola Szulik; Robert Pudlo

This updated review covers the emerging evidence for lithium, silicon, and boron as trace dietary factors relevant to metabolism, bone, and brain health.

Eleni Melenikioti; Eleni Pavlidou; Antonios Dakanalis; Constantinos Giaginis; Sousana K Papadopoulou -- Nutrients

Lithium and combination therapies improved bipolar disorder relapse prevention, cognitive outcomes, and mortality despite poor medication adherence and monitoring compliance. Sleep disturbances associated with poorer functional outcomes requiring integrated monitoring strategies.

Gudisa Bereda

A scoping review finds preliminary neuroimaging evidence that glymphatic markers are altered in bipolar disorder and correlate with illness duration, and that lithium may act partly by modulating choroid plexus circadian rhythm and aquaporin-4.

Zhangyan Shan; Qianyu Zhu; Shuai Wang; Yu Xia; Yuanyuan Yang; Lin Tian

A review concluded that the lowest effective lithium dose with close monitoring of kidney function and serum levels is critical to preventing irreversible injury, with discontinuation a difficult risk-benefit call.

Namrata Krishnan; Mark A Perazella

A synthesis of findings from a 2025 Munich symposium describes mining and recycling of lithium, cobalt, and nickel for the energy transition as exposing workers and communities to lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and manganese above safe thresholds in some facilities.

Stephan Bose-O'Reilly; Stefan Rakete; Philip J Landrigan; Johanna Elbel; Monica Nordberg; Gunnar Nordberg; Karin Broberg; Dewi Yunia Fitriani; Jenna Forsyth; Joanna Gaitens; Jinky Leilanie Lu; Dennis Nowak; Ernesto Sanchez-Triana; Sophie Turner; John Yabe; Melissa McDiarmid; Florencia Harari

Industrial wastewaters from oil, gas, mining, and power sectors contain recoverable critical minerals including lithium and rare-earth elements, with recovery potential varying by waste stream composition.

Monong Wang; Jaebeom Park; Sui Xiong Tay; Vineet Bansal; Emily J Rabe; Ryan S Kingsbury

Porous silicon with tunable morphology and modified surfaces enables applications in refractive index sensing, lithium-ion battery anodes, supercapacitors, and RF isolation devices.

Yujie Wang; Donghua Wang

A review of flame retardants used in lithium-ion batteries found that chemicals released during battery production, dismantling and recycling show consistent signs of toxicity, with aromatic and halogenated types building up in the body more than simpler alkyl versions.

Haozheng Li; Juntong Wei; Shanfa Yu; Hongna Zhang; Yuxin Zheng

Esketamine and ketamine rapidly reduced acute suicidality within 24 hours in adolescents with depression; lithium reduced long-term suicidality in bipolar youth.

Andrea Amerio; Enrico Venturini; Mirko Capanna; Luca Ploner; Irene Schiavetti; Alessandra Costanza; Massimiliano Clausi; Paola Bertuccio; Anna Odone; Helen Minnis; Ruchika Gajwani; Renato de Filippis; Pasquale De Fazio; Mario Amore; Andrea Aguglia; Gianluca Serafini

Metal ions including iron, manganese, zinc, copper, magnesium, cobalt, nickel, lithium, and rare earths regulate inflammation via NF-κB, MAPK, AKT, STAT, and ROS pathways.

Bo Wen; Yifei Wu; Xinqi Lian; Xiaoming Li; Benhua Xue; Jimin Guo

Lithium treatment significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP production, and OXPHOS complex expression in 3xTg-AD neurons but not healthy controls.

Benedict C. Albensi; Aida Adlimoghaddam -- Cells

Lithium treatment significantly increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, cytochrome C oxidase, and OXPHOS complex expression in Alzheimer neurons specifically

Benedict C Albensi; Aida Adlimoghaddam

This bibliometric analysis of 400 publications found rapidly growing research on circadian genes and bipolar disorder, with keyword trends clustering around depression, light therapy, and lithium treatment.

Zhuoer Ruan; Jie Zhu